1.Experimental materials

Mixed tissues (leaf, sheath, root, inflorescence and developing seeds) at various growth stages of Dongxiang wild rice (东乡野生稻，Oryza rufipogon Griff.) were used as the cDNA donor, while Zhonghua 11 (ZH11), Nipponbare and NNIP (New-Nipponbare) (J of Genetics and Genomics, 2014, 41: 549e552) were used as recipient varieties.

2.Workflow of the Rice-GainFun pipeline

3.pFOX-SfiI vector map

4.About NNIP

NNIP (New Nipponbare) is an EMS-derived, Nipponbare background germplasm developed by Dr. Qian Qian and Dr. Jiang Hu, state key lab of rice biology, China National Rice Research Institute (J of Genetics and Genomics, 2014, 41: 549e552, download). NNIP exhibits greatly improved regional adaptability in China, particularly in terms of seed setting. In Lingshui, Hainan, China (110°01’20’’E, 18°30’44’’N), NNIP could achieve a seed setting rate over 87% in contrast to the 40.8% of NIP. The causing gene/genes for NNIP are not identified yet.